Design Patterns Research Articles

Exploring the Impact of Campus Landscape Visual Elements Combination on Short-Term Stress Relief among College Students: A Case from China

Although the effect of campus landscape space on stress relief among college students has been confirmed, few existing studies have considered the impact on stress recovery from the perspective of factor combination, and the key visual elements and the most effective combination of visual elements to relieve stress are still unclear. This study attempts to conduct a natural experiment within Chinese campuses, measuring physiological indicators of stress such as heart rate (HR), frequency domain index of heart rate variability (LF/HF), skin conductance level (SCL), skin temperature (SKT), and respiratory rate (RESP) using physiological instruments. It explored the effects of visual elements and their combinations in campus landscape spaces on short-term stress relief among college students through semantic segmentation, multifactorial analysis of variance, and post hoc multiple comparison methods. Research results demonstrate that the presence of water elements in the field of vision can effectively improve the stress relief effects of landscape spaces. Reasonable combinations of natural landscape elements and artificial landscape elements in the design can also effectively promote stress relief among students. Building facade area and sky area, water area and sky area, and plant species and pavement area are three combinations of factors with the strongest interactive effects. “Natural water scenery” and “exquisite artificial” are two campus landscape design patterns most conducive to short-term stress relief.

The Pilot Creation of Sustainable Stall Design to Promote Temporary Pottery Market in the Baan Muang Kung Community

Although local intellectual property products have received support from both the government and private sectors, including increasing consumer interest in craft products, the residents of the Muang Kung community, Chiang Mai province, who produce handmade clay pottery with unique and distinctive shaping techniques and intricate patterns, still lack a market space to accommodate their products. Therefore, it is necessary to study the sustainable market format to help promote community products appropriately and stimulate tourism in this area. This research aims to achieve the following objectives (1) Study sustainable market pattern design principles suitable for community markets (2) Explore the potential capabilities and the local community’s requirements in market (3) Propose sustainable market design guideline to promote community products. This research primarily explores the sustainability value of a sustainable market within the field of retail design, employing qualitative research methods such as interviews, observational note-taking, photography, and comparative case study analysis. The on-site survey to determine the project's feasibility involved convening a community meeting with 50 residents to discuss findings. The outcomes of this gathering were then used in designing the temporary market. The findings present design guidelines that illustrate how markets continue to play important socio-economic roles in local communities, serving as key components that can be transformed to promote sustainable development. The proposed design practice guidelines encompass considerations such as site layout, the application of sustainable design principles, including the thoughtful selection of sustainable materials, the incorporation of flexible design, and the creation of participatory area experiences to attract people.

“No, I Won't Do That.” Assertive Behavior of Robots and its Perception by Children

AbstractThis paper contributes to the understanding of child-robot interaction through the investigation of child interactions with and anthropomorphization of humanoid robots when manipulating robot-related variables such as behavior and gender. In this study, children observe a robot demonstration in a classroom setting, during which the robot showcases either assertive or submissive behavior and is attributed a gender, either robot-female or robot-male. Afterwards, participant anthropomorphization is measured using the Attributed Mental States Questionnaire (AMS-Q). Results suggest that when prompted to select a response directed at the robot, children used significantly more commanding phrases when addressing the assertively behaving robot when compared to the submissively behaving robot. Further, younger children ages 7–9 anthropomorphize robots at a higher degree than older children 10–12 and assertive behavior from the robot lead to higher rates of anthropomorphization. Results also suggest that children are more likely to respond to female robots in an imperative way than male robots. This widened understanding of child perception of and interaction with humanoid robots can contribute to the design of acceptable robot interaction patterns in various settings.

Design Pattern and Challenges of Federated Learning with Applications in Industrial Control System

Design Pattern and Challenges of Federated Learning with Applications in Industrial Control System

Frequency selective asymmetric coupled-fed (ACS) antenna using additive manufacturing

In this study, the development of diverse antenna designs using additive manufacturing processes, specifically spanning from L-band to K-band is proposed. All designs are implemented on a flexible FR4 substrate to make them suitable for wearable sensors and biomedical applications. The fabrication process involves the utilization of aerosol jet printing with nanoparticle silver ink, followed by curing in a vacuum chamber. Additionally, screen printing with copper paste is employed as another method, with subsequent curing in a laminator. The reflection coefficient (S11) and radiation patterns for the simulated design and fabricated samples were found to align closely. The achieved return loss consistently reaching -10 dB across fairly large operating frequency range underscores the efficacy of the proposed antennas and their associated additive manufacturing mechanisms. The design and simulation were performed using Ansys high frequency structural simulator (HFSS), and the parameters under test for the fabricated antennas were validated using a vector network analyzer (VNA) to assess overall performance.

Localized oxygen evolution and transport analysis in PEM water electrolysis on local static pressure, temperature and current density

With the escalating severity of the global climate crisis and the strengthening global demand for carbon neutrality, hydrogen produced from renewable energy offers a pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality. To reduce the cost of eco-friendly hydrogen production, we need to increase the current density in proton exchange membrane water electrolysis for green hydrogen production, a promising technology. One problem arising from an increase in current density is that it leads to a significant generation of oxygen, resulting in mass transfer losses. However, there have been few studies on oxygen transport near the anode catalyst layer, with most studies only measuring current density. In this study, local static pressure and temperature were measured in real-time to elucidate the relationship between voltage and current. At 2.1 V (corrected voltage = 2.03 V), the static pressure amplitude is approximately −5 to 5 kPa. At 2.55 V (correction voltage = 2.41 V), it decreased by about 50 % to about −2.5 to 2.5 kPa, and the frequency became faster. With increasing voltage, the decrease in static pressure amplitude and the increase in frequency occur because oxygen rapidly increases in the catalyst layer, resulting in a reduction in residence time. At 1.65 V (corrected voltage = 1.63 V), there is little change in local static pressure, indicating the dominance of the liquid single phase. At 3.6 V (corrected voltage = 3.05 V), there is little change in local static pressure. This is due to the rapid detachment of oxygen bubbles, leading to the dominance of the gas single phase. This elucidates how oxygen bubbles are influenced by fluctuations in local static pressure, leading to the conclusion that efficient design patterns for future anode flow fields can be achieved.

Scaffold providing spatial guidance enhances the healing of osteochondral defects and reduce adverse bone-cartilage crosstalk

Despite previous attempts using multiphasic scaffolds to organize cells and bioactive elements, osteochondral repair still faces challenges, such as thin cartilage layers and uneven bone-cartilage interfaces. These issues are likely exacerbated by detrimental biochemical interactions and the formation of new blood vessels within the osteochondral unit, impacting tissue repair quality. In this study, we devised a novel freeze-welding technique to create a unified porous scaffold. Chitosan was chosen as the primary material due to its structural and compositional similarity to glycosaminoglycans in the ECM. In particular, by meticulously adjusting freezing and solute conditions, we engineered the scaffold to have an axially aligned porous structure in the cartilage layer and a radially aligned porous structure in the subchondral layer (scaffold A/R), each designed to meet the unique repair needs of the respective tissues. This scaffold showed enhanced mechanical compressibility, shape retention, and interfacial bonding capabilities. The results demonstrated that this unique spatial scaffold structure offers significant advantages over purely axial scaffolds in guiding osteochondral regeneration. These advantages were evident in its ability to independently promote cartilage and bone growth, reduce undesirable bone-cartilage crosstalk, particularly in the context of vessel invasion in the cartilage layer, and optimize the remodeling of the osteochondral interface. This study offers valuable insights into the structural design patterns for osteochondral regeneration, highlighting the potential importance of structural scaffold design in guiding endogenous tissue remodeling during heterogeneous tissue regeneration.

Insomnia severity among caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes: A mixed method study

AimThis research was conducted to assess the severity of insomnia experienced by caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes. MethodIn this study, a mixed-method descriptive sequential pattern design was employed, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the study, 152 caregivers were surveyed for quantitative data on survey form and insomnia severity. Additionally, 9 mothers underwent semi-structured interviews for qualitative insights. ResultsOf caregivers, 13.8% were identified to experience clinical insomnia. There were statistically significant differences in insomnia severity index scores in terms of experiencing sleep problems after the child's type 1 diabetes diagnosis, caregivers having adequate sleep duration at night, how they felt on waking in the morning, difficulty managing their child's diabetes the next day due to lack of sleep, difficulty getting to sleep at night, sleeping more than one hour during the day, lack of sleep due to caring and treatment, lack of sleep due to not meeting the desired targets for blood glucose values and receiving support for type 1 diabetes management due to lack of sleep (p < 0.05). Three themes were identified as a result of qualitative analysis: Sleep status of caregivers, effect of sleep problems on daily life and solving sleep problems. ConclusionsCaregivers experience insomnia during the process of type 1 diabetes management and this situation affects their daytime care duties. Practical implicationsResearch shows caregivers of children with type 1 diabetes often face insomnia, highlighting the need for solutions.

A Study on the Utilization of Deep Learning-Based Image Generators for Nail Art Design Creation: Focusing on the Colors and Patterns of Fish Scales

This study aimed to develop nail art designs inspired by the colors and patterns of fish scales. Various images of fish were collected, and the colors, patterns, and textures of their scales were analyzed. Using deep learning-based image generator, designs replicating the colors and patterns of fish scales were created. Based on these designs, five nail art works were produced. The colors and patterns of fish scales are suitable for creative nail art designs, and designs inspired by fish scales demonstrate excellent visual effects due to the appropriate application of principles of form and expression techniques. Moreover, nail art designs inspired by fish scales can enhance the artistry and distinctiveness of nail art. This research highlights the potential of using fish scale colors and patterns in nail art design and represents a novel approach to using deep learning-based image generators as creative tools in nail art design. However, the nail art works produced in this study were limited and reliant on subjective evaluations. Future research should apply diverse evaluation methods to measure the quality and satisfaction of nail art designs and expand the study to include nail art designs using other natural materials besides fish scales.

Tujia Ethnic Group Woodcarving Patterns and Their Application in Packaging

Taking the woodcarving patterns of the Tujia ethnic group as the subject of the study, this paper analyzes the characteristics and connotations of the woodcarving patterns and their symbolic meanings. This paper also discusses the spiritual connotations of the thematic patterns commonly used in packaging design and elaborates on the characteristics, artistry, and functionality of the symbolic meanings of the woodcarving patterns. Through the analysis of the application of woodcarving patterns in packaging design, the paper proposes the effective use of these patterns in packaging design to achieve visual effects, convey the cultural connotations of products, and enrich the cultural and artistic value of products. This study also expounds on the significance of spreading the woodcarving patterns of the Tujia ethnic group and the value of researching their integration into packaging design.

Persimmon: Nested Family Polymorphism with Extensible Variant Types

Many obstacles stand in the way of modular, extensible code. Some language constructs, such as pattern matching, are not easily extensible. Inherited code may not be type safe in the presence of extended types. The burden of setting up design patterns can discourage users, and parameter clutter can make the code less readable. Given these challenges, it is no wonder that extensibility often gives way to code duplication. We present our solution: Persimmon, a functional system with nested family polymorphism, extensible variant types, and extensible pattern matching. Most constructs in our language are built-in "extensibility hooks," cutting down on the parameter clutter and user burden associated with extensible code. Persimmon preserves the relationships between nested families upon inheritance, enabling extensibility at a large scale. Since nested family polymorphism can express composable extensions, Persimmon supports mixins via an encoding. We show how Persimmon can be compiled into a functional language without extensible variants with our translation to Scala. Finally, we show that our system is sound by proving the properties of progress and preservation.

A Language of Children with Disabilities in Digital Pattern Design

Visual Language of Children with Special Needs in Digital Motif Design. This article aims to understand the designs made by children with special needs in the form of digital motifs done on adobe photoshop softweat. Data collection is done through direct observation, literature study and practice. This problem is analyzed using qualitative methods with a design thinking approach whichincludes empathize which is the initial stage carried out personally to children with special needs to get the right action, define the selection of tools or software that can help realize visual works in the form of digital design, ideate the stage of producing ideas in theform of moodboards which are set as a reference for realizing digital motif designs, prototype the initial design of digital motifs that stilllook static and can be used as the main sample of the creative process so that it can measure the suitability of the designed designconcept, and test is the final stage of testing carried out as a process of understanding from children with special needs using Adobe Photoshop softwear so as to produce digital motifs that look dynamic and in accordance with the designed concept. The result of this research is the visualization of digital motifs that have character and characteristics through hand strokes and sense or art owned bychildren with special needs and add to the diversity of design work, especially in the field of fashion in making digital motifs as an effort to raise the value of art and creativity created by children with special needs.

Construction and Practice of New Pattern of Interdisciplinary Graduation Design for BIM Applied Talents in Water Supply and Sewerage Science and Engineering—Taking Nanyang Normal University as an example

Construction and Practice of New Pattern of Interdisciplinary Graduation Design for BIM Applied Talents in Water Supply and Sewerage Science and Engineering—Taking Nanyang Normal University as an example

A clothing pattern generating framework based on scanned human body model

PurposeAccurate and automatic clothing pattern making is very important in personalized clothing customization and virtual fitting room applications. Clothing pattern generating as well as virtual clothing simulation is an attractive research issue both in clothing industry and computer graphics.Design/methodology/approachPhysics-based method is an effective way to model dynamic process and generate realistic clothing animation. Due to conceptual simplicity and computational speed, mass-spring model is frequently used to simulate deformable and soft objects follow the natural physical rules. We present a physics-based clothing pattern generating framework by using scanned human body model. After giving a scanned human body model, first, we extract feature points, planes and curves on the 3D model by geometric analysis, and then, we construct a remeshed surface which has been formatted to connected quad meshes. Second, for each clothing piece in 3D, we construct a mass-spring model with same topological structures, and conduct a typical time integration algorithm to the mass-spring model. Finally, we get the convergent clothing pieces in 2D of all clothing parts, and we reconnected parts which are adjacent on 3D model to generate the basic clothing pattern.FindingsThe results show that the presented method is a feasible way for clothing pattern generating by use of scanned human body model.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this work is twofold: one is the geometric algorithm to scanned human body model, which is specially conducted for clothing pattern design to extract feature points, planes and curves. This is the crucial base for suit clothing pattern generating. Another is the physics-based pattern generating algorithm which flattens the 3D shape to 2D shape of cloth pattern pieces.

The Differences between Traditional Chinese Clothing Aesthetics and Western Clothing Aesthetics

There are significant differences between traditional Chinese clothing aesthetics and Western clothing aesthetics in terms of materials and design styles, colors and patterns, as well as cutting and dressing styles. Traditional Chinese clothing focuses on natural materials, details, and craftsmanship, and emphasizes overall balance. While Western clothing tends to various kinds of materials, personality traits, and fashion trends, they pursue uniqueness and innovation more. In terms of colors and patterns, traditional Chinese clothing prefers bright colors and traditional patterns, emphasizing connotation and symbolism. Western clothing, on the other hand, explores diverse color combinations, advocates abstract and modern patterns, and emphasizes visual expressions and fashion sense. In terms of cutting and dressing styles, traditional Chinese clothing emphasizes streamlined and curvaceous beauty, pursuing overall harmony. Western clothing prefers simple and exaggerated cutting styles, emphasizing personal style and free matching.

End-to-end tire defect detection model based on transfer learning techniques

AbstractVisual inspection of defective tires post-production is vital for human safety, as faulty tires can lead to explosions, accidents, and loss of life. With the advancement of technology, transfer learning (TL) plays an influential role in many computer vision applications, including the tire defect detection problem. However, automatic tire defect detection is difficult for two reasons. The first is the presence of complex anisotropic multi-textured rubber layers. Second, there is no standard tire X-ray image dataset to use for defect detection. In this study, a TL-based tire defect detection model is proposed using a new dataset from a global tire company. First, we collected and labeled the dataset consisting of 3366 X-ray images of faulty tires and 20,000 images of qualified tires. Although the dataset covers 15 types of defects arising from different design patterns, our primary focus is on binary classification to detect the presence or absence of defects. This challenging dataset was split into 70, 15, and 15% for training, validation, and testing, respectively. Then, nine common pre-trained models were fine-tuned, trained, and tested on the proposed dataset. These models are Xception, InceptionV3, VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, ResNet152V2, DenseNet121, InceptionResNetV2, and MobileNetV2. The results show that the fine-tuned VGG19, DenseNet21 and InceptionNet models achieve compatible results with the literature. Moreover, the Xception model outperformed the compared TL models and literature methods in terms of recall, precision, accuracy, and F1 score. Moreover, it achieved on the testing dataset 73.7, 88, 80.2, and 94.75% of recall, precision, F1 score, and accuracy, respectively, and on the validation dataset 73.3, 90.24, 80.9, and 95% of recall, precision, F1 score, and accuracy, respectively.

Perancangan Desain Pola Parkir Sepeda Motor Menggunakan Metode Ergonomi Partisipatori (Studi Kasus : Universitas PGRI Wiranegara)

The limited access to public transportation to Universitas PGRI Wiranegara (UNIWARA) has increased the preference for using private vehicles, thereby emphasizing the need for adequate parking facilities. This study aims to create an optimal design for motorcycle parking patterns at UNIWARA that aligns with user needs, utilizing the Participatory Ergonomics method. Through three participatory ergonomic stages, namely the initial interview stage, group discussion stage, and parking pattern design stage, several issues were identified, including the irregular use of parking facilities, suboptimal capacity, poor vehicle circulation, and excessive interventions by parking attendants. The result of the motorcycle parking design using participatory ergonomics revealed a total capacity of 732 motorcycles in three parking sectors. The design specifications include a parking angle of 90°, a parking unit width of 0.75 meters, a parking unit length of 2 meters, and a parking circulation lane width exceeding 1.5 meters. These specifications address the identified issues and provide a well-structured parking environment that meets the needs and comfort of users. Keywords: Participatory Ergonomics, Parking Facilities, Parking Pattern

Structure in Deep Reinforcement Learning: A Survey and Open Problems

Reinforcement Learning (RL), bolstered by the expressive capabilities of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) for function approximation, has demonstrated considerable success in numerous applications. However, its practicality in addressing various real-world scenarios, characterized by diverse and unpredictable dynamics, noisy signals, and large state and action spaces, remains limited. This limitation stems from poor data efficiency, limited generalization capabilities, a lack of safety guarantees, and the absence of interpretability, among other factors. To overcome these challenges and improve performance across thesecrucial metrics, one promising avenue is to incorporate additional structural information about the problem into the RL learning process. Various sub-fields of RL have proposed methods for incorporating such inductive biases. We amalgamate these diverse methodologies under a unified framework, shedding light on the role of structure in the learning problem, and classify these methods into distinct patterns of incorporating structure. By leveraging this comprehensive framework, we provide valuable insights into the challenges of structured RL and lay the groundwork for a design pattern perspective on RL research. This novelperspective paves the way for future advancements and aids in developing more effective and efficient RL algorithms that can potentially handle real-world scenarios better.

Landscape of Digital Technologies Used in the National Health Service in England: Content Analysis.

In England, digital technologies are exploited to transform the way health and social care is provided and encompass a wide range of hardware devices and software that are used in all aspects of health care. However, little is known about the extent to which health care providers differ in digital health technology capabilities and how this relates to geographical and regional differences in health care capacities and resources. This paper aims to identify the set of digital technologies that have been deployed by the National Health Services clinical commissioning groups (NHS CCGs) in England. In doing this, we respond to calls to shed light on the internal dynamics and variation in the form of digital capability in England in terms of health service regional differences and health diversity, equity, and inclusion. We collected 135 annual reports that belong to 106 NHS CCGs in England, comprising more than 18,000 pages in total, released from 2020 to 2021. Using this data set, we identified 2163 pages related to digital technologies and labeled them using content analysis. We follow the construct taxonomy used by digital options theory, a theory from the management information systems field analyzing organizational resource investment choices, in classifying observed technologies according to digital themes-inherent design patterns that we identified and explained. We then used a hierarchical clustering method to extract groups of NHS CCGs that implement similar technology themes. We found 31 technologies from the reports and grouped them into 9 digital themes. The 9 themes were further assigned to 1 of the 3 constructs of digital options theory, the identification of patients' requirements (we identified information portals [76/106], digital health engagement [67/106], and digital inclusion support [45/106]), the development of new work patterns (we identified telehealth [87/106], telemedicine [35/106], and care home technologies [40/106]), the realization of improvements in efficiency and public accessibility (we identified online booking [26/106], online triage [104/106], and digital mental health services [74/106]). The 3 clusters of CCGs are identified based on the 8 themes (Hopkins=0.9914, silhouette=0.186), namely (1) digitally disengaged, (2) digitally engaged, and (3) digital torchbearer. Our findings show prominent digital themes within each construct group, namely information portals, telehealth, and online triage, covering people's fundamental health information needs. Almost half of CCGs fell into the digitally disengaged group, and all London CCGs (5/106) belonged to this group. We propose that practitioners should offer specialized assistance to regions with limited digital engagement, emphasizing digital health literacy, inclusion support, and ongoing evaluation, rather than concentrating solely on technical advancements.

Form-From: A Design Space of Social Media Systems

Social media systems are as varied as they are pervasive. They have been almost universally adopted for a broad range of purposes including work, entertainment, activism, and decision making. As a result, they have also diversified, with many distinct designs differing in content type, organization, delivery mechanism, access control, and many other dimensions. In this work, we aim to characterize and then distill a concise design space of social media systems that can help us understand similarities and differences, recognize potential consequences of design choice, and identify spaces for innovation. Our model, which we call Form-From, characterizes social media based on (1) the form of the content, either threaded or flat, and (2) from where or from whom one might receive content, ranging from spaces to networks to the commons. We derive Form-From inductively from a larger set of 62 dimensions organized into 10 categories. To demonstrate the utility of our model, we trace the history of social media systems as they traverse the Form-From space over time, and we identify common design patterns within cells of the model.